Instructions

• Add Charge: Click the "+ Add Charged Particle" button.
• Add Conductor: Click "🧲 Add Conductor" (or press [C]) to insert a Sphere, Rectangle, Square, or Hollow Shell.
• Electrostatic Shielding: Observe how electric field lines bend perpendicular to conductor surfaces, free electrons (−) and positive cores (+) accumulate on opposite faces, and field inside the metal bulk is strictly zero (E = 0).
• Hollow Shell (Cavity): Place charges inside the inner cavity to observe internal polarization and Faraday cage shielding.
• Move Elements: Drag particles or conductors across the canvas (or into the trash bin to delete).
• Field Probe: Toggle the probe to measure local field (N/C) and potential (V). Reads E = 0 inside conductors!
• Gaussian Surface: Enclose charges to visualize flux (Φ_E = Q_enc/ε₀) and count field line piercings.
• Shortcuts: [Space] Play/Pause, [Del] Delete, [Arrows] Nudge, [C] Conductor, [G] Draw loop, [S] Sphere, [P] Probe.